At least one person has done so, and they made an OS for the CM4S. I can’t say for sure if the Debian image also supports the CM4S, however.
The module won’t. But you may be able to access the mainboard’s wireless modules. If you insert a CM3 into the ClockworkPi mainboard, that board’s wireless modules become available. And the CM4S is marketed as an upgrade for the CM3, possibly as a drop-in replacement.